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Optimising Fuel Cell and Electrolyser Performance with Equilibar Back Pressure Regulators

Tuesday, 4th June 2024

Introduction

Fuel cells and electrolysers have emerged as critical technologies in the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions and as these technologies evolve and become more refined, the need for precise control over operating conditions becomes ever more important. Equilibar back pressure regulators have proven to be instrumental in achieving optimal performance in fuel cell and electrolyser applications. This article delves into the myriad benefits of integrating Equilibar regulators, showcasing how they contribute to efficiency, reliability, and overall advancement in these crucial energy systems.

Understanding Fuel Cells and Electrolysers

Fuel Cells: A Clean Energy Source

Fuel cells convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy through an electrochemical process. Hydrogen is a common fuel for fuel cells, reacting with oxygen to produce electricity, water, and heat. The environmental friendliness and high efficiency of fuel cells make them promising candidates for various applications, from powering vehicles, through heating for the home to providing backup power for industries.

Back pressure regulators optimising fuel cell performance

Electrolysers: Enabling Sustainable Hydrogen Production

Electrolysers facilitate the production of hydrogen through the electrolysis of water; they energise a chemical reaction that would not naturally occur. When an electric current is applied to water, it separates into hydrogen and oxygen. Carbon dioxide electrolysis is the reduction of CO2 into CO. Chlor-Alkali electrolysis combines salt and water to generate chlorine, caustic soda and hydrogen (2 NaCl + 2 H2O = Cl2 + 2 NaOH + H2). These reactions can occur in an electrolysis cell or an electrolyser unit containing an electrolytic medium between an anode and cathode. Pressure control during electrolysis is an important consideration but depends on the electrolyser technology being used. The hydrogen produced can then be utilized as a clean and versatile energy carrier. Electrolysers play a pivotal role in the green hydrogen revolution, contributing to the decarbonization of sectors like energy, transportation and industry.

Back pressure regulators optimising electrolyser performance

The Vital Role of Back Pressure Regulation

Back Pressure in Fuel Cell Systems

Maintaining an optimal back pressure in fuel cell systems is essential for efficient operation. Back pressure influences the rate of reactant flow, ensuring a balance that prevents flooding or drying of the fuel cell. This delicate equilibrium is crucial for achieving high energy conversion efficiency and extending the lifespan of fuel cells.

Back Pressure in Electrolyser Systems

Similarly, electrolyser systems require precise back pressure regulation to control the evolution of gases during the electrolysis process. Maintaining the right pressure conditions is critical for achieving high electrolyser efficiency and preventing issues such as gas crossover and membrane degradation.

Two very widely used back pressure regulators include:

Uses include the BioPharma and other Sanitary industries.

Commonly used in fuel cell testing and vacuum applications.

The Clear Benefits of Equilibar Back Pressure Regulators

Equilibar® precision back pressure regulators (BPR) are the perfect fit for pressure control in numerous applications within the broad Hydrogen Economy. From the view-point of product features the benefits can be seen as:

  • The high sensitivity of the Equilibar BPR in the low to mid pressure ranges that is lacking in most competitive products.
  • The unmatched 1000:1 flow turn-down ratio and control range of the Equilibar BPR
  • The capacity of the Equilibar BPR to control multiphase fluids with extreme precision due to its unique multi orifice design.
  • The frictionless operation of the flexing diaphragm ensures ultra-fast response to fluctuating conditions.
  • The dome-loaded control of the Equilibar BPR allowing it to pair with an electronic controller for superior automation.

The application of these benefits within real-world scenarios can be seen from the following:

Precision Control for Varied Operating Conditions

Equilibar back pressure regulators excel in providing precise control over pressure across a wide range of operating conditions. This flexibility is particularly valuable in fuel cell and electrolyser applications, where varying loads and dynamic operating conditions demand responsive pressure control. Equilibar regulators adapt swiftly to changes, ensuring stability and optimal performance.

Superior Flow Control and Low Pressure Drop

Traditional regulators often struggle with maintaining stable pressure control in systems with fluctuating flow rates. Equilibar regulators, characterized by a dome-loaded multiple orifice design, offer superior flow control and low pressure drop. This design enables precise regulation even in applications with varying flow rates, contributing to the overall efficiency of fuel cell and electrolyser systems.

Eliminating Dead Band and Hysteresis

Dead band and hysteresis are common challenges in pressure control systems, leading to imprecise regulation and reduced efficiency. Equilibar regulators, with their unique design, effectively eliminate dead band and hysteresis, providing accurate and instantaneous response to changes in system conditions. This characteristic is particularly advantageous in maintaining tight control over back pressure in fuel cell and electrolyser systems.

Wide Range of Materials and Configurations

Equilibar offers a diverse range of materials and configurations to suit the specific requirements of fuel cell and electrolyser applications. This adaptability ensures compatibility with various gases and aggressive chemical environments. Whether the application involves high purity hydrogen in fuel cells or corrosive electrolytes in electrolysers, Equilibar regulators can be customized to meet the demands of the operating environment.

Temperature Stability and Endurance

Fuel cells and electrolysers often operate in demanding conditions, including elevated temperatures. Equilibar regulators are designed to withstand extreme temperatures while maintaining stability and reliability. This durability ensures consistent performance over extended periods, contributing to the longevity and reliability of fuel cell and electrolyser systems.

Future Prospects and Innovations

As fuel cell and electrolyser technologies continue to advance, the role of back pressure regulation becomes increasingly pivotal. Equilibar, committed to innovation, is actively involved in research and development to further enhance its regulators' performance and applicability. Future innovations may include smart regulator technologies that integrate with advanced control systems, predictive maintenance features, and materials tailored for emerging applications.

Conclusion

Customers choose Equilibar valves because they accurately maintain precise differential pressure. Precision differential pressure control between the anode and cathode is a key factor in designing an efficient electrolysis system. As the electrochemical reaction takes place, the pressure differential changes, requiring active pressure control. Equilibar back pressure regulators work well because of their extreme precision and unparalleled responsiveness.

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PCT works in partnership with Equilibar, leading manufacturer of back pressure regulators - should you have any requirements or questions please do contact us.